Development of augmented reality (AR) SI MOPEM to improve teachers' understanding of learning models
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v6i3.5464Keywords:
21st century, Augmented reality, Learning model, SI MOPEM, Teacher understandingAbstract
Based on the analysis, many teachers experience limitations in understanding the syntax of learning models that impact the quality of teaching and student competency. Therefore, the development of AR media becomes an effective solution. This study aims to develop AR-based SI MOPEM (Learning Model Syntax) media. This R&D research was conducted using a 4D development model. The population of this study was all elementary school teachers in Serang Regency, whose samples were taken using purposive sampling of 50 people in the same cluster. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires, and tests, while the instruments were validity sheets, teacher understanding tests, and self-assessment questionnaires. Overall, the validity test was in the very feasible category, and a limited trial with 12 teachers found SI MOPEM very practical (91.46%). The results showed that the effectiveness test resulted in a significant increase in understanding (paired sample t-test, p = 0.000) with an n-gain score of 0.63 (moderate category). Therefore, it is concluded that SI MOPEM is highly feasible, practical, and effective as a tool for understanding learning models interactively and independently. This research recommends conducting larger-scale testing and further developing SI MOPEM, such as adding features or integrating it with other platforms.
Downloads
References
Ahmadin, Nehru, & Iqbal. Muh. (2023). Persiapan guru dalam menghadapi tantangan diera society 5.0 di SMAN 1 Wawo (Teacher preparation to face challenges in the society era). Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 2(2), 136–141.
Aini, H. N., & Fathoni, A. (2020). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Matematika Berbasis Budaya Lokal Siswa Sekolah Dasar (Development of Mathematics Student Worksheets (LKPD) Based on Local Culture for Elementary School Students). Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 6167–6174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i4.3191
Akram, A., & Maryam, K. (2021). Pengembangan media interaktif berbasis blog di SMA negeri 1 Tommo (Development of blog-based interactive media at SMA Negeri 1 Tommo). Jurnal Literasi Digital, 1(2), 139–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54065/jld.1.2.2021.36
Alimah, S., Wijaya, S., & Nurma’ardi, H. D. (2024). Pengaruh model pembelajaran koopratif tipe two stay two stray terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa kelas V di SDN Ragas 1 (The influence of the two stay two stray type cooperative learning model on the learning activity of fifth grade students at SDN Ragas 1). Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora (AJSH), 4(3), 1757–1762. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v4i3.745
Aminah, A., Hairida, H., & Hartoyo, A. (2022). Penguatan pendidikan karakter peserta didik melalui pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual di sekolah dasar (Strengthening students’ character education through a contextual learning approach in elementary schools). Jurnal Basicedu, 6(5), 8349–8358. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i5.3791
Arsyad, H., & Sauri, S. (2024). Landasan filosofi pendidikan dan konsep mendidik (The philosophical basis of education and the concept of education). Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 9(3), 1585–1596. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v9i3.2579
Aryanto, S., Hartati, T., Maftuh, B., & Darmawan, D. (2022). Sastra anak berbasis ecoprenuership sebagai muatan pembelajaran literasi finansial di sekolah dasar (Ecopreneurship-based children’s literature as financial literacy learning content in elementary schools). Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 8(3), 722–737. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v8i3.2569
Asoodar, M., Janesarvatan, F., Yu, H., & de Jong, N. (2024). Theoretical foundations and implications of augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality for immersive learning in health professions education. Advances in Simulation, 9(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-024-00311-5
Astuty, W., & Suharto, A. W. B. (2021). Desain perencanaan pelaksanaan pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam daring dengan kurikulum darurat (Design of planning for the implementation of online Islamic religious education learning with an emergency curriculum). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 9(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36667/jppi.v9i1.624
Budirahayu, T., & Saud, M. (2023). Pedagogical innovation and teacher collaborations in supporting student learning success in Indonesia. Cogent Education, 10(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2271713
Carolina, Y. Dela. (2022). Augmented reality sebagai media pembelajaran interaktif 3d untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa digital native (Augmented Reality as a 3D Interactive Learning Media to Increase Learning Motivation of Digital Native Students). Ideguru: Jurnal Karya Ilmiah Guru, 8(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51169/ideguru.v8i1.448
Chen, H. H., & Yuan, Y. H. (2021). The study of the relationships of teacher’s creative teaching, imagination, and principal’s visionary leadership. SAGE Open, 11(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211029932
Ernawati, E., Evitasari, A. I., & Nurma’ardi, H. D. (2024). Pengaruh model pembelajaran make a match pada hasil belajar ipa materi sistem pencernaan manusia di kelas V SD negeri lopang domba (The influence of the make a match learning model on science learning outcomes on the human digestive system material in gra. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(3), 1690–1696. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v4i3.754
Gandolfi, E., & Ferdig, R. E. (2025). Exploring the relationship between motivation and augmented reality presence using the augmented reality presence scale (ARPS). Educational Technology Research and Development, 73, 793–814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-025-10446-5
Irwanto, Y., & Nisa, A. N. S. (2022). Efektivitas pembelajaran IPS menggunakan model student facilitator and explaining pada kelas VII SMPN 24 Semarang (The effectiveness of social studies learning using the student facilitator and explaining model in class VII of SMPN 24 Semarang). Sosiolium: Jurnal Pembelajaran IPS, 4(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/sosiolium.v4i1.55989
Jensen, M. T., Solheim, O. J., & Olsen, E. (2024). Leader support in relation to teacher self-efficacy, classroom emotional climate and students’ literacy skills in elementary school. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, May, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2024.2348451
Laia, J. K. (2023). Upaya peningkatan hasil belajar ppkn melalui penerapan model pembelajaran listening teams di kelas VIII SMP negeri 1 o’o’u tahun pembelajaran 2022/2023 (Efforts to improve civics learning outcomes through the implementation of the listening teams learning. Civic Society Research and Education: Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan, 4(1), 28–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57094/jpkn.v4i1.820
Lambrecht, A., Baumgarth, C., & Henseler, J. (2025). Holistic augmented reality brand equity (HARBE) model: building customer‑based brand equity through augmented reality. Journal of Brand Management, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-025-00381-4
Lestari, R., Jasiah, J., Rizal, S. U., & Syar, N. I. (2023). Pengembangan media berbasis video pada pembelajaran IPAS materi permasalahan lingkungan di kelas V SD (Development of video-based media in science learning on environmental issues in grade V of elementary school). Jurnal Holistika, 7(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.24853/holistika.7.1.34-43
Li, C., Zhu, L., Zhang, H., & Song, A. (2025). Efficient social distance maintenance with augmented reality. Virtual Reality, 29(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01102-7
Liu, S., & Phelps, G. (2020). Does teacher learning last? Understanding how much teachers retain their knowledge after professional development. Journal of Teacher Education, 71(5), 537–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487119886290
Maisyaroh, Budi Wiyono, B., Hardika, Valdez, A. V., Mangorsi, S. B., & Canapi, S. P. T. (2021). The implementation of instructional supervision in Indonesia and the Philippines, and its effect on the variation of teacher learning models and materials. Cogent Education, 8(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1962232
Mirza, F., Muhammadi, A., & Yulianawati, D. (2025). Peningkatan hasil belajar bahasa Indonesia melalui model problem based learning pada siswa kelas V sekolah dasar (Improving Indonesian language learning outcomes through problem-based learning models in fifth grade elementary school students). Edukasi Tematik: Jurnal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, 6(2), 92–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59632/edukasitematik.v6i2.507
Nguyen, P., Webel, C., Yeo, S., & Zhao, W. (2022). Elementary teachers’ agency: The role of perceived professional space and autonomy. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 54(5), 665–686. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2022.2081821
Nurma’ardi, H. D., & Kuswaty, M. (2023). Keefektifan pembelajaran problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan motivasi belajar siswa sekolah dasar (The effectiveness of problem-based learning on critical thinking skills and learning motivation of elementary school students). JIDeR, 3(4), 139–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53621/jider.v3i4.253
Oktaviani, A. M., Makrum, A., Nurhasanah, N., & Sarivah, I. (2023). The influence of self- concept on the students’ achievement motivation in 4. JPSD (Jurnal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar), 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.30870/jpsd.v9i1.18847
Oktaviani, A. M., Nurma’ardi, H. D., & Rokmanah, S. (2023). Model pembelajaran interaktif. Mitra Ilmu.
Pratama, A. R., & Sukirman, S. (2023). Development of augmented reality multiple markers application used for interactive learning media. Sinkron, 8(3), 1326–1334. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i3.12482
Pujiarti, E., Purba, F. D., Ahmadi, K. D., & Mulya, S. (2023). Implementasi kurikulum merdeka dalam meningkatkan kompetensi profesionalisme guru di SMKS 2 tamansiswa pematangsiantar (Implementation of the independent curriculum in improving the professional competence of teachers at SMKS 2 Tamansiswa Pematangsiantar). Jurnal Penelitian, Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran: JPPP, 4(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30596/jppp.v4i1.13586
Ramadhani, Z. T., Darmiany, & Rahmatih, A. N. (2025). Analisis kesulitan guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran problem based learning pada mata pelajaran IPAS di kelas V SDN 13 Mataram (Analysis of teacher difficulties in implementing the problem-based learning model in the science subject in class V of S. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasa, 10(1), 111–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v10i01.23632
Rosidah, S., Fitriani, & Rosita. (2024). Penerapan media augmented reality dalam meningkatkan pemahaman materi ibadah di mis bachrul huda (The Application of Augmented Reality Media to Improve Understanding of Worship Material at MIS Bachrul Huda). EduSpirit: Jurnal Pendidikan Kolaboratif, 1(1), 520–525. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57218/jupeis.Vol2.Iss3.770
Santoso, J. T. (2021). Augmented reality (AR) (Issue 75). Penerbit Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik.
Widana, I. W., Sopandi, A. T., Suwardika, I. G. (2021). Development of an authentic assessment model in mathematics learning: A science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) approach. Indonesian Research Journal in Education, 5(1), 192-209. https://doi.org/10.22437/irje.v5i1.12992
Widana, I. W., & Laksitasari, B. D. (2023). Improving students' learning outcomes on circle equation material using GeoGebra software. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED), 4(1), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v4i1.2792
Yang, X., Cheng, P. Y., & Huang, Y. M. (2021). Understanding teacher learning through teacher-created knowledge products and transactions. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211032659
Yusriani, Y., Arsyad, M., & Arafah, K. (2020). Kesulitan guru dalam mengimplementasikan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek pada mata pelajaran fisika di SMA kota Makassar (Teachers’ difficulties in implementing project-based learning models in physics subjects in high schools in Makassar City). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fisika PPs UNM, 2, 138–141.
Zetriuslita, Z., & Alzaber, A. (2021). Model model pembelajaran sesuai tuntutan kurikulum 2013 (Pelatihan untuk guru-guru SMP kampar kiri hilir) (Learning models according to the demands of the 2013 (curriculum training for Kampar Kiri Hilir middle school teachers). Community Education Engagement Journal, 2(1), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.25299/ceej.v2i1.5981
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hilda Dhaniartika Nurma'ardi, Anna Maria Oktaviani, Ahmad Antoni, Nida Nabilah Limas

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.










