Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED)

The Potential Impact of Exploring-Resuming Integrated Criticizing (ERIC) on Metacognitive and Critical thinking Skills of Preservice Teacher

Metacognitive and critical thinking skills are essential skills for being an effective learner. However, the results of previous studies indicate that these two skills in preservice teachers still need to be improved. This research aimed to investigate the potential impact of the Exploring-Resuming Integrated Criticizing (ERIC) learning strategy on enhancing the metacognitive and critical thinking skills of preservice teachers. The study used a quasi-experimental research method with a pretest and posttest design. The collected data in this research was data on metacognitive skills and critical thinking skills. These data were obtained from essay tests before and after learning. The collected data were analyzed by the Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test. The results of this study showed that the ERIC learning strategy significantly impacts the preservice teachers’ metacognitive and critical thinking skills. We found that implementing ERIC learning led to higher metacognitive and critical thinking skills rather than those taught with a traditional approach. The research results recommend ERIC to be implemented as an active learning strategy to encourage the empowerment of metacognitive and critical thinking skills.

D, Development Development of Mahabhrata Teaching Materials Containing Hindu Characters in the Subject of Hindu Religious Education andMorals at State Senior High School 3Denpasar Bali

Winaja I Wayan

Abstract. Character education fosters values such as integrity, empathy, and responsibility. Teaching materials that support character development are therefore essential. The Mahabharata, a classical Hindu epic rich in moral and spiritual values, offers relevant content for this purpose. This study explores: (1) the need for Mahabharata-based teaching materials with Hindu character values; (2) the development process; and (3) their impact on Hindu Religious Education quality. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach and grounded in moral development, behaviorism, constructivism, and educational evaluation theories, the study found: (1) current materials lack integration of Hindu character values; (2) the development process involves drafting, trials, revisions, and implementation; and (3) the new materials improve learning quality by promoting creativity, engagement, and value-based teaching.

Exploring Students’ Thinking about Photosynthesis: A Case-Study of Mental Models in Senior High School

Alfyn Abdan Nurahman, Ari Widodo, Sariwulan Diana

Understanding students’ mental models is essential for identifying conceptual and representational challenges in learning abstract biological processes such as photosynthesis. This study aimed to explore senior high school students’ mental models regarding the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis by using a five-tier open-ended diagnostic test that integrates levels of conceptual understanding and visualization. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected from 27 students in Bandung, Indonesia, who had previously learned the topic. The results revealed that most students possessed non-scientific mental models, with only 22.8% demonstrating scientific understanding and visualization of the light reaction, and just 16.0% for the dark reaction. The majority of students exhibited initial or synthetic models, indicating fragmented knowledge, misconceptions, and difficulties in depicting key photosynthesis processes. Visualization results further highlighted students’ limited ability to construct accurate scientific representations, especially for the dark reaction. These findings suggest that traditional instructional approaches may be insufficient in supporting students’ development of coherent scientific mental models. The study emphasizes the need for model-based teaching strategies, multimodal representations, and formative assessments to enhance students’ conceptual and visual understanding of photosynthesis.

Project-Based Learning Using Wattpad for Short Story Writing Class: Benefits and Challenges

Siti Rukiyah, Yenny Puspita

Global changes demand meaningful learning through student work and the use of technology. The purpose of this study is to obtain the benefits and challenges of using Wattpad in the project-based learning process for short story writing classes. This study uses a qualitative research approach with a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques use open interviews, group discussions, observations, and documents. The research activities were carried out in the Indonesian Language Education study program, at Universitas PGRI Palembang. The participants involved were 100 students taken from three classes in the 2024-2025 academic year. The data analysis technique consists of a six-step methodology for qualitative data analysis using theme analysis. The results of the study concluded that the shortcomings and challenges of Wattpad in implementing the project-based learning approach in short story writing classes provide changes to the results of short story writing and input for teachers in using digital learning resources. The results of the study have implications for the use of digital technology resources combined with learning approaches and the development of learning models that are in accordance with learning objectives, advances in science and technology and student characteristics.

Implementation of types and models of educational supervision

KARTINI NURHIDAYAH

The implementation of academic supervision based on coaching has become an essential strategy to enhance the quality of education by improving teachers' professionalism and instructional practices. This study was conducted to explore the types and models of coaching-based academic supervision implemented at SMPN 3 Cisarua, as well as its impact on teacher performance. The urgency of this research lies in the need for transformative supervisory practices that promote teacher growth through reflective and collaborative approaches. Using a qualitative case study method, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the principal and teacher leaders and analyzed using thematic coding with the ATLAS.ti application. The results revealed ten thematic categories reflecting coaching-based supervision practices, including goal setting, active listening, empowering dialogue, feedback, reflection, and follow-up support. The coaching supervision model applied by the principal and teacher leaders showed a positive influence on pedagogical improvement, motivation, and the development of a professional learning culture. It also shifted the supervisory relationship from hierarchical to collegial. In conclusion, coaching-based academic supervision at SMPN 3 Cisarua proved effective in fostering teacher competence and collaboration. Therefore, its broader implementation is recommended in other schools to promote sustainable educational improvement.

Implementing Immersive Virtual Reality in the Development of Traditional Balinese Music Learning Tools

Gde Indra Ananta Wijaya, I Nyoman Sukajaya, Dewa Gede Hendra Divayana

Bali is known as a cultural center of traditional music. There is a traditional Balinese musical instrument called gender wayang, gender wayang is an older gamelan. Gender wayang trainers are rare, as a result, talented young people in the field of gender wayang lack guidance. To preserve the gender wayang, a learning application was created using immersive virtual reality technology to train the younger generation in playing gender wayang, especially for the introduction gender wayang notes. The development of the gender wayang learning tool application uses the scrum (agile) method with 4 sprint stages, first sprint focuses on designing the application concept, application design, creating 3D assets and creating the main menu, the second sprint focuses on creating expert control and expert knowledge, the third sprint focuses on alpha testing with the blackbox method, the fourth sprint focuses on beta testing to users by using the User Acceptance Testing method, beta testing with a questionnaire containing 10 questions distributed to 19 respondents from sanggar seni dewi ratih batubulan. The results of testing the gender wayang learning tool show that the level of acceptance of the respondents to the gender wayang learning tool application is in the very acceptable category with a system quality aspect index of 87%.

Analysis of Instructional Leadership of School Principals and the Quality of Educational Services in Public Senior High Schools in Jambi City

Dian Arisandy Eka Putra Sembiring, Jompi Sarijandi

Instructional leadership by school principals is a key factor in shaping the quality of educational services at the Senior High School (SMA) level in Indonesia. This study explores the instructional leadership practices of principals and their influence on service quality in public senior high schools in Jambi City. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected from principals, teachers, and deputy principals across 13 schools through observations, interviews, and document analysis. Findings indicate that effective instructional leadership is characterized by a clear and shared vision, collaborative and distributed leadership, and teacher empowerment through supervision and professional development. A positive school climate and a strong focus on service quality are further supported by regular monitoring, stakeholder engagement, and adaptability to change. Challenges such as limited resources and varying teacher motivation were also noted. The study recommends enhancing professional development, formalizing collaborative leadership, improving resource allocation, and strengthening stakeholder engagement to support continuous improvement and elevate educational service quality.

Student Perceptions and the Transformation of Pro-Environmental Behavior Through River Cleanup Educational Tourism

Eldo Delamontano, Cipta Endyana, Yunus Winoto, Evi Novianti

This study examines the influence of student participation in the SatuBumi River Cleanup program on the development of pro-environmental behavior among high school and university students. As an alternative model of environmental education, the program integrates experiential learning, storytelling, and contextual reflection within the framework of educational tourism. The research responds to the urgent need for innovative approaches to foster ecological awareness and sustainable behavior, particularly among youth in urban areas facing environmental degradation. Using a quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, the study analyzes the relationships between motivation, awareness, knowledge, and participation in shaping environmentally responsible behavior. Findings indicate that motivation, direct participation, and environmental awareness significantly influence student behavior, while environmental knowledge alone shows no significant effect. The study successfully develops a conceptual model of educational tourism that demonstrates how emotional engagement and real-world action can be more impactful than information-based learning. These results support the use of narrative-driven, participatory educational programs as effective strategies for environmental behavior change.

The Role of Supervision Clinical In realizing deep learning

iyam siti maryam

Study This aiming For analyze role supervision clinical in realize learning deep learning in schools , especially in the context of education based on religion. Supervision clinical is approach coaching professional teacher who is collaborative , reflective and sustainable , with stages systematic start from pre-observation , observation , to post-observation . Research use method qualitative descriptive with data collection through interviews , observations , and studies documentation towards teachers, principals school , and sources relevant others . Research results show that supervision clinical give impact positive to improvement competence pedagogical and professional teachers, in particular in planning and implementation of learning deep integration values Islam . The main obstacles found is limitations time , feeling less open , and feeling clumsy moment supervised . Head school make an effort overcome obstacle the through communication empathetic , reflective together , and development of learning models integrated holistic research . This give contribution to development management education and improvement strategies quality learning through supervision effective and formation - oriented clinical character student in a way comprehensive

Enhancing Maharah Al-Kalam Through Arabic Podcasts: A Case Study Of Student Perceptions At Hasanuddin University

Annisa Mutiara Putri Effendy, Haeruddin, Andi Agussalim, Fitriani

This study analyzes student perceptions of the ArabPodcast YouTube channel in enhancing maharah al-kalam among students of the Arabic Literature Study Program at Hasanuddin University. It is based on the need for relevant, innovative learning methods like podcasts to support Arabic speaking skills practically and contextually. Data were collected from students actively using ArabPodcast through interviews, questionnaires, and observations. These were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method with an inductive approach to explore how ArabPodcast contributes to developing speaking skills. Findings revealed that ArabPodcast significantly improves maharah al-kalam, particularly in pronunciation, confidence, and vocabulary. Students also showed increased interest in learning Arabic independently via digital media. The study suggests that integrating platforms like ArabPodcast into formal education can be an effective strategy for language development. It further recommends diversifying podcast content to better match student needs.

E-Comic Physics Development Through PBL Stages to Improve Students’ Nature of Science

Rangga Firdaus

The 2019 TIMSS results revealed that Indonesian students' science achievement remains below the international average, reflecting low scientific literacy. This issue is partly attributed to conventional teaching methods that lack engagement and inquiry-based approaches. This study aimed to develop a digital learning medium, e-comic physics based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) to enhance elementary students’ understanding of the Nature of Science (NoS). Field observations at UPT SDN 3 Sumberejo indicated that 73% of teachers had not yet implemented interactive digital media, highlighting the study’s urgency. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) design with the Tessmer model, involving 60 students, the study used descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The findings showed that the media was highly valid, very practical, and significantly effective, as evidenced by improved posttest scores and t-test results. The effect size analysis indicated a moderate to strong impact on learning outcomes, confirming the media’s pedagogical potential in promoting scientific reasoning. In conclusion, the e-comic physics is a feasible and innovative learning tool for primary science education. Further research is recommended to examine its long-term effectiveness across broader subject matter

Index Card Match Model in Primary School: Effects on Learning and Civic Attitudes

Mufarizuddin Mufarizuddin, Muhammad Syahrul Rizal, Musnar Indra Daulay

Civic education at the elementary school level is often still limited by conventional learning models that do not actively engage students and are ineffective in instilling civic values. As a result, students may understand concepts theoretically without developing the participatory attitudes necessary in democratic life. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Index Card Match model in improving learning outcomes and civic attitudes among elementary school students. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group, involving 60 fifth-grade students from a primary school in Pekanbaru who were randomly assigned to experimental and control classes. Data were collected through a 30-question multiple-choice test for learning outcomes and civic attitudes. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed through empirical testing. The results of the analysis using the t-test showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in learning outcomes (p = 0.001) and civic attitudes (p = 0.003), with the experimental group showing superior performance. The novelty of this study lies in its dual analysis, which demonstrates that cooperative learning models can simultaneously enhance cognitive mastery and affective development in civic education. These findings have practical implications for curriculum developers and educators in designing character-based and participatory learning in elementary schools.

Development of STEM Discovery Learning-Based Media Assisted by Google Sites on Statistics Material

Rita Pramujiyanti Khotimah

Statistics is necessary for students since it provides them with critical abilities for data analysis, decision-making, and the evaluation of information. However, learning statistics is still challenging for students. This study aims to develop learning media assisted by Google Sites based on STEM-Discovery Learning for statistics material, and to test the validity and practicality of the media. This research employs the ADDIE development model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. Participants in this study were mathematics teachers and grade VII students of Junior High School in Kudus, Jawa Tengah. The interview guidelines and questionnaires were used as the instruments. The interview results were analyzed by the flow method involving data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. While the questionnaire results were analyzed by determining the average score and then changing it into qualitative data. The results of the expert validation evaluation show an average total score of 3.5 for the media, indicating that its validity is considered excellent. Additionally, the mean overall practicality score is 3.39, placing it within the high practicality range. Therefore, this learning media is deemed suitable for use in classroom statistics instruction.

Toward Global Scientific Literacy: Evaluating Primary Science Education in Indonesia’s Merdeka and Cambridge Curricula

In response to global calls for 21st-century competencies, Indonesia has implemented the Merdeka Curriculum, while internationalised schools operate the Cambridge Curriculum. Both aim to enhance scientific literacy but diverge in philosophical orientation, curricular structure, and pedagogy. This study comparatively investigates the implementation of Science education in both curricula at SD Tunjung Sari, a primary-level Satuan Pendidikan Kerjasama (SPK) school in Bali. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations, and analysed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The analysis focused on four key components: learning objectives, content, instruction, and assessment. Findings reveal that the Merdeka Curriculum emphasises holistic development through project-based and Science–Technology–Society (STS) approaches, aligned with the Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Conversely, the Cambridge Curriculum foregrounds inquiry-based learning with international standardisation and early disciplinary exposure. Both curricula align with OECD’s PISA framework, though they differ in content depth, sequencing, and assessment mechanisms. The study suggests that hybridisation of global standards and local values may strengthen science education in diverse contexts. Policymakers and educators are encouraged to foster curriculum innovation that bridges national identity with global competency demands.

Parenting Roles and Peer Interactions Support Children's Social Development at TK ABA 02 Bumiaji

Yayak Khaatijah

This study aims to determine the application of parenting styles and children's social interactions as an effort to encourage children's social development in ABA 02 Bumiaji Kindergarten. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection techniques are carried out through direct observation, interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation. The data obtained are analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of the study indicate that the parenting style applied by parents and teachers in ABA 02 Bumiaji Kindergarten has a positive impact on children's social development, especially in terms of the ability to interact with peers, share, and work together. In addition, social interactions that occur between children in and outside the classroom also strengthen their social relationships. In conclusion, the application of a positive parenting style and good social interactions in ABA 02 Bumiaji Kindergarten can improve children's social development. Therefore, it is important for parents and educators to continue to optimize their roles in supporting children's social development in early childhood.

Integrating 21st-Century Skills into a Biology Instructional Module on Ecosystems for Tenth-Grade Learners in Senior High School

Yassir Ni'ma Rangga Wiryawan, Ummi Nur Afinni Dwi Jayanti

The demand for educational resources that effectively merge biology content with the cultivation of 21^st century skills necessitates innovative approaches in the form of more contextual and applicable learning modules. This study seeks to create a biology learning module focused on 21^st century skills, specifically targeting ecosystem topics for grade X high school students. The module incorporates four essential 21^st century skills: critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration, all within the framework of ecosystem content, which includes ecosystem components, energy flow, and biogeochemical cycles. The research employed the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), utilizing data gathered from interviews with teachers, student surveys, expert validation, and assessments of critical and creative thinking. Validation from experts was achieved, with learning media experts rating the module at 93.16%, ecosystem material experts at 93.47%, and 21^st century skills experts at 93.75%, all falling within the highly valid category. Furthermore, the module's practicality was rated as very practical by students (92.06%) and teachers (100%). Effectiveness testing, conducted through pre-tests and post-tests, revealed a significant enhancement in students' critical and creative thinking abilities, evidenced by an N-Gain value of 0.81, categorizing it as high. These findings affirm that the developed module is suitable for implementation and capable of enhancing students' 21^st century skills. However, it is important to note that this study did not comprehensively assess collaboration and communication skills, thus it is recommended that the module be utilized to further develop these essential 21^st century skills among students.

EVALUASI DAMPAK PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN BERBASIS INDUSTRI 4.0

imam imam

Direktorat SMK Kemendikbudristek tahun 2021-2024 telah mengalokasikan dana bantuan pemerintah kepada SMK yang dikembangan berbasis Industri 4.0. Program bantuan diharapkan mendorong peningkatan kualitas lulusan SMK sesuai kebutuhan dunia industri, terutama pada Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) dan Kawasan Industri (KI) yang menjadi Prioritas pembangunan Nasional. Menggunakan riset evaluasi dampak, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui dampak program pengembangan SMK berbasis industri 4.0. Melalui studi mendalam atas pelaksanaan program di Direktorat SMK dan data hasil evaluasi dampak yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Vokasi (Setditjen Diksi). Hasil analisis data berbagai sumber disimpulkan terdapat dampak positif pengembangan SMK diantaranya: Digitalisasi proses pendidikan di SMK, mempersiapkan penyesuaian kompetensi yang dibutuhkan oleh industri 4.0 melalui penyesuaian kurikulum berbasis industri 4.0, aktivasi LMS (Larning Managemen System) bagi pelaksanaan pembelajaran secara syncronus dan asyncronus, optimalisasi peran praktisi industri/praktisi pendidikan untuk upgrade kompetensi guru & tenaga kependidikan di SMK, pembaharuan fasilitas ruang praktik dan peralatan praktik.

Fostering Critical Thinking in Biology Education Through a TGT-Based Digital Interactive Module

Neska Fadillah, Miza Nina Adlini

The advancement of 21st-century education demands learning media that not only deliver subject content but also develop students’ critical thinking skills through interactive and collaborative experiences. This study aims to develop a digital interactive module based on the Team Games Tournament (TGT) model for the excretory system topic to enhance students’ critical thinking. The research employed the 4D development model, which includes the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The Define stage involved a needs analysis through interviews, questionnaires, and curriculum reviews. In the Design stage, the module was created by integrating interactive elements such as videos, animations, quizzes, and problem-solving tasks based on the TGT framework. The Develop stage included expert validations and limited trials with 30 tenth-grade students, using instruments such as validation sheets, response questionnaires, and critical thinking tests based on Facione’s indicators. Validation results showed that the module was highly valid, with scores of 98.67% from media experts and 99% from subject experts. The practicality score was also high, with 97.23% from teachers and 90.67% from students. The module’s effectiveness was demonstrated by a significant increase in students’ critical thinking, with an average N-Gain score of 0.83 (high category). These findings indicate that the TGT-based digital interactive module is valid, practical, and effective, and it can serve as an innovative learning resource for improving students’ critical thinking in biology education.

The Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning in Improving Reflective-Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning

The development of reflective and critical thinking skills in science learning in elementary schools remains a challenge, as conventional learning methods tend to limit students' cognitive involvement and metacognitive awareness. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) in enhancing the reflective and critical thinking skills of fifth-grade elementary school students in science learning. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, specifically the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of 90 students who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The instrument used was a test with 23 valid items, which was administered both as a pre-test and a post-test. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, N-Gain analysis, and t-tests. The results of the study indicate that the experimental group obtained significantly higher post-test scores (M = 83.91; SD = 6.32) compared to the control group (M = 70.24; SD = 7.15), with a significance value of p = 0.000. The N-Gain value of the experimental group (0.61) was in the moderate category, while the control group (0.29) was in the low category. These findings suggest that PBL is effective in developing students' abilities to identify problems, formulate hypotheses, analyse evidence, and reflect on their thinking process. The novelty of this study lies in the empirical validation of PBL implementation at the elementary school level, which has rarely been comprehensively studied. The implications of the results include curriculum reform, pedagogical innovation, and professional development for teachers in inclusive and reflective basic science learning.

The Impact of Technology-Driven Adaptive Learning on Mathematical Conceptual Mastery in Primary Education

Nurhaswinda Nurhaswinda, Putri Hana Pebriana, Nurmalina Nurmalina

Problems in mathematics learning in elementary schools, particularly in terms of concept understanding, remain a serious challenge due to the limitations of conventional learning approaches, which are uniform in nature. This study examines how technology-based adaptive learning strategies affect elementary school students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This study employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving 60 fourth-grade students randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received mathematics instruction through an adaptive digital platform, while the control group followed conventional instruction. The instrument used was a concept comprehension test consisting of 25 items. Data analysis was conducted through validity, reliability, normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing using the Independent Samples t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (t = 6.85; p < 0.001), with the experimental group achieving higher scores. These findings demonstrate that technology-based adaptive learning strategies can effectively improve mathematical concept understanding through personalized content and learning speed tailored to students' needs. The novelty of this study lies in integrating a real-time adaptive feedback system in the context of basic mathematics learning, which has been rarely studied in developing countries. The practical implications include the development of digital curricula, data-based teacher training, and policies on equitable access and ethical use of student data in basic education.