SELF-ACTUALISATION AND COMPUTER SELF-EFFICACY AMONG THE PROFESSIONAL COURSES ACADEMICIANS: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v5i1.3596Keywords:
academics, computer self-efficacy, Maslow needs hierarchy, professional courses academicians, self, self-actualisationAbstract
The spreading use of technology will have repercussions on individuals’ Self-understanding and their belief in themselves concerning technology. Psychologists have studied these two major phenomena under the title Self-actualisation and Computer Self-efficacy. Multiple papers have been published on Self-actualisation and Computer Self-efficacy but minimum research has been explored concerning the association between Self-actualisation and Computer Self-efficacy. This paper is a maiden effort to study the association of Self-actualisation and Computer Self-efficacy among academicians of professional courses. An online and offline survey was carried out where the Self-actualisation Scale prepared by Kaufman (2018) and the Computer Self Efficacy Questionnaire curated by Teo & Ling Koh (2010) was administered to the participants. The data was analysed using mean, standard deviation, standard error, and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. The results supported the preposition of a previous study, which suggested a relationship between technical competency and self-actualisation by placing technical competency under D-needs and Self-actualisation under B-needs of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Further exploration of the outcome was done concerning academicians followed by educational implications.
Downloads
References
Alba, B. (2017). Striving for superiority. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds). Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1428-1
Allport, G. W. (1955). Becoming: Basic considerations for a psychology of personality. Yale University Press.
Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler.
Ansbacher, H. L. (1990). Alfred Adler's influence on the three leading cofounders of humanistic psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 30(4), 45-53.
Aristotle. (1925). The Nicomachean Ethics (W. Ross, Trans.). Batoche Books Kitchener 1999. (Original Work Published 4th Century BCE). https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/aristotle/Ethics.pdf
Asano, R., Igarashi, T., & Tsukamoto, S. (2020). The hedonic and eudaimonic motives for activities: Measurement invariance and psychometric properties in an adult Japanese sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 524894. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01220
Alcaro A, Carta, S., and Panksepp, J. (2017). The affective core of the self: A neuro-archetypical perspective on the foundations of human (and animal) subjectivity. Front. Psychol. 8:1424. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01424
Babbage, C. (1824). On the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables. Taylor.
Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior. New York: Academic Press. (Reprinted in H. Friedman [Ed.], Encyclopedia of mental health. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998).
Bandura A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.
Baumeister, R. F. (Ed.). (1999). The self in social psychology. Psychology Press.
Baumeister, R. F. (1987). How the self became a problem: A psychological review of historical research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.163
[BBC Reel]. (2021). Antikythera mechanism: The ancient 'computer' that simply shouldn't exist [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqlJ50zDgeA
Brady, T. J. (2011). Measures of self‐efficacy: Arthritis self‐efficacy scale (ASES), arthritis self‐efficacy scale‐8 item (ASES‐8), children's arthritis self‐efficacy scale (CASE), chronic disease self‐efficacy scale (CDSES), parent's arthritis self‐efficacy scale (PASE), and rheumatoid arthritis self‐efficacy scale (RASE). Arthritis Care & Research, 63(11), 473-485.
Briskin, A. (2023). Eupsychian management: Spirit of the good in humanity and society. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 63(4), 495–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/00221678211002757
Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer self-efficacy: Development of a measure and initial test on JSTOR. MIS Quarterly. https://doi.org/249688
Daniels, M. (1982). The development of the concept of self-actualization in the writings of Abraham Maslow. Current Psychological Reviews, 2(1), 61-75.
Dutra, E. M. D. S. (2016). Rogers and Heidegger: Is a gathering for a new view of the self possible? Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 33(4), 413-423.
Freeth, T., Bitsakis, Y., Moussas, X., Seiradakis, J. H., Tselikas, A., Mangou, H., ... & Edmunds, M. G. (2006). Decoding the ancient greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera Mechanism. Nature, 444(11), 587-591. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05357
Ferguson, S. L., Walpole, M., & Fall, M. S. (2020). Achieving statistics self-actualization: Faculty survey on teaching applied social statistics. Statistics Education Research Journal, 19(2), 57-75.
Froh, J. J. (2004). The history of positive psychology: Truth be told. NYS psychologist, 16(3), 18-20.
Gallagher, M. (2012). Self-efficacy. Encyclopedia of human behavior (second edition), 314-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375000-6.00312-8
Gardner, S. (2009). Nietzsche, the self, and the disunity of philosophical reason. Nietzsche on Freedom and Autonomy.
Goldstein, K. (1995). The organism: A holistic approach to biology derived from pathological data in man. Zone Books.
Gopinath, R. (2020). Self-actualization and job involvement of academic leaders in Tamil Nadu Universities: A relationship study. NOVYI MIR Research Journal, 5(7), 58-69.
Hasan, B. (2003). The influence of specific computer experiences on computer self-efficacy beliefs. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(4), 443-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00079-1
Howard, M. C. (2014). Creation of a computer self-efficacy measure: analysis of internal consistency, psychometric properties, and validity. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 17(10), 677-681.
Karsten, R., Mitra, A., & Schmidt, D. (2012). Computer self-efficacy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC), 24(4), 54-80.
Kaufman, S. B. (2018). Self-actualizing people in the 21st century: Integration with contemporary theory and research on personality and well-being. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 63(1), 51–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167818809187
Levy, S. (2007). The best of technology writing 2007. University of Michigan Press.
Loyd, B. H., & Gressard, C. (1984). The effects of sex, age, and computer experience on computer attitudes. AEDS Journal, 18(2), 67-77.
Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2020). National Education Policy 2020. https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf
Manaster, G. J., & Corsini, R. J. (1982). Individual psychology: Theory and practice. Itasca, IL: Peacock.
Marakas, G. M., Yi, M. Y., & Johnson, R. D. (1998). The multilevel and multifaceted character of computer self-efficacy: Toward clarification of the construct and an integrative framework for research. Information systems research, 9(2), 126-163.
Marakas, G., Johnson, R., & Clay, P. F. (2007). The evolving nature of the computer self-efficacy construct: An empirical investigation of measurement construction, validity, reliability and stability over time. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 8(1), 217-230.
Marakas, G. M., Aguirre-Urreta, M., Shoja, A., Kim, E., & Wang, S. (2022). The computer self-efficacy construct: A history of application in information systems research. Foundations and Trends in Information Systems, 6(2), 94-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/2900000023
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. Harper & Row Publishers.
Maslow, A. H. (1961). Peak experiences as acute identity experiences. The American Journal of Psychoanalysis, 21(3), 254-262.
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Religions, values, and peak experiences. New York: Penguin. (Original work published 1966).
McClellan III, J. E., & Dorn, H. (2015). Science and technology in world history: An introduction. JHU Press.
Melnick, A. (2008). Kant’s theory of the self. Routledge.
Mozdzierz, G. J. (1996). The striving for perfection and other “contemporary” concepts. Individual Psychology, 52(3), 215.
Roweton, W. E. (1981). Who is self-actualized?. Contemporary Education, 53(1), 222-234.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of happiness studies, 9(5), 13-39.
Schumacher, P., & Morahan-Martin, J. (2000). Gender, internet and computer attitudes and experiences. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(1), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00032-7
Smythe, T. W. (2016). The self and self-awareness. Open Access Library Journal, 3(7), 1-5.
Strombach, T., Strang, S., Park, S., & Kenning, P. (2015). Common and distinctive approaches to motivation in different disciplines. Progress in Brain Research, 22(9), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.06.007
Swade, D. (2000). The cogwheel brain: Charles Babbage and the quest to build the first computer. Little, Brown.
Swade, D., & Babbage, C. (2001). Difference engine: Charles Babbage and the quest to build the First Computer. Viking Penguin.
Teo, T., & Koh, J. H. L. (2010). Assessing the dimensionality of computer self-efficacy among pre-service teachers in Singapore: A structural equation modeling approach. International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 6(3), 7-18.
Watts, R. E. (2012). On the origin of the striving for superiority and of social interest. alfred adler revisited (1st ed.). Routledge.
Wilfong, J. D. (2006). Computer anxiety and anger: The impact of computer use, computer experience, and self-efficacy beliefs. Computers in Human Behavior, 22(6), 1001-1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.020
Whitehead, P. M. (2017). Goldstein’s self-actualization: A biosemiotic view. The Humanistic Psychologist, 45(1), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000047
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Hureen Wasifa Siddiqui, G. Mary Sunanda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.