Design: An interactive e-module based on ethnomathematics to improve numeracy skills of slow learners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v7i1.5440Keywords:
Ethnomathematics, Interactive e-module, Numeracy, Slow learnerAbstract
The numeracy skills of slow learners are very low, especially in understanding information, analyzing strategies, contextualizing solutions, and interpreting them. This study aims to analyze needs and design an interactive e-module based on ethnomathematics to improve numeracy skills of slow learners. This study employs the ADDIE model, focusing on the analysis and design stages. The subjects of this study involved mathematics teachers and slow learners. Slow learners were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were obtained through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and tests using instruments such as observation sheets, interview guidelines, questionnaires, and numeracy tests. Data analysis employed descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative approaches. The study's results indicate a gap between the availability of technological facilities and their use in mathematics learning. Technology integration remains limited, and ethnomathematics is rarely used as a learning context. The design stage produced an interactive e-module that integrates learning objectives, numeracy content, display design, interaction flow, and evaluation instruments tailored to the characteristics of slow learners. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an interactive e-module based on ethnomathematics to create an inclusive, engaging, and meaningful learning experience that supports the numeracy skills of slow-learning students.
Downloads
References
Anaktototy, K. (2023). Promoting creativity and innovation in the teaching and learning process. Edu Sciences Journal, 4(1), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.30598/edusciencesvol4iss1pp59-66
Anggraeni, P., Sunendar, D., Maftuh, B., Sopandi, W., & Puspita, R. D. (2022). Why 6 Cs? The urgency of learning at elementary school. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 650. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220303.008
Asmianto, Hafiizh, M., Rahmadani, D., Pusawidjayanti, K., & Wahyuningsih, S. (2022). Developing Android-based interactive e-modules on trigonometry to enhance the learning motivation of students. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (IJIM), 16(02), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i02.27503
Asnawi, E., Djakaria, I., & Majid, M. (2023). Developing learning media of statistics stake props on mean, median, and mode materials for eighth graders at SMP Negeri 9 Gorontalo, Indonesia. World Journal Of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR), 20(3), 988-993. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2559
Astuti, E. P. (2025). Kemampuan numerasi siswa sekolah menengah pertama: Sebuah studi analisis pemecahan masalah dalam konteks kehidupan nyata (Numeracy abilities of junior high school students: An analytical study of problem solving in real life contexts). Proximal: Jurnal Penelitian Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 8(2), 923–932. https://doi.org/10.30605/proximal.v8i2.6669
Astuti, E. P., Purwoko, R. Y., & Gunawan, A. A. (2021). Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbantuan Android Studio untuk mengeksplor kemampuan matematis siswa SMP (Development of learning media assisted by Android Studio to explore the mathematical abilities of junior high school students). Jurnal Mercumatika: Jurnal Penelitian Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.26486/jm.v6i1.1984
Astuti, E. P., Purwoko, R. Y., & Sintiya, M. W. (2019). Bentuk etnomatematika pada Batik Adipurwo dalam pembelajaran pola bilangan (Ethnomathematics form in Adipurwo Batik in learning number patterns). Journal of Mathematics Science and Education, 1(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.31540/jmse.v1i2.273
Astuti, E. P., Wijaya, A., & Hanum, F. (2024a). Characteristics of junior high school teachers’ beliefs in developing students’ numeracy skills through ethnomathematics-based numeracy learning. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 8(1), 244–268. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpr.202423405
Astuti, E. P., Wijaya, A., & Hanum, F. (2024b). Teachers’ belief in ethnomathematics-based numeracy learning scale: A Rasch model analysis. TEM Journal, 13(2), 992–1006. https://doi.org/10.18421/tem132-14
Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. 13(4), 544–559.
Bećirović, S. (2023). Challenges and barriers for effective integration of technologies into teaching and learning. Springer Briefs in Education, 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0444-0_10
Cresswell, John W. and Cresswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications Inc.
D’Ambrosio, U., & D’Ambrosio, B. S. (2013). The role of ethnomathematics in curricular leadership in mathematics education. Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College.
Devina, N., Putri, A., Muhammad, Siti, A., & Fadhilah, S. (2019). Analysis of mathematical calculation skill on slow learning students in inclusive school. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 6(1), 79–82. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i1.499
Dwiningsih, K., Poedjiastoeti, S., Lutfi, A., Sukarmin, S., Hidayah, R., & Nisa, A. (2022). Interactive e-modules training and workshop as teaching materials the era of Society 5.0. Abdimas : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Merdeka Malang, 7(2), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v7i2.6615
Erwin Asnawi, Ismail Djakaria, & Majid. (2023). Developing learning media of statistics stake props on mean, median, and mode materials for eighth graders at SMP Negeri 9 Gorontalo, Indonesia. World Journal Of Advanced Research and Reviews, 20(3), 988–993. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2559
Goos, M., Geiger, V., & Dole, S. (2014). Transforming professional practice in numeracy teaching. Advances in Mathematics Education.
Griseldis, M. R., Khasanah, L. N., Septiani, N. L., & Prananto, I. W. (2024). Improvement of concept understanding through the development of interactive multimedia on integer operation material. DIDAKTIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar, 6(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.21831/didaktika.v6i2.63448
Hall, J. (2019). Learning about numeracy: The impact of a compulsory unit on pre-service teachers’ understandings and beliefs. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 44(2), 44.
Haryanto, E., Hendra, R., Sembiring, D.A.E.P., Mukminin, A., Sadikin, A., Yusuf, M., Widana, I.W. Factors influencing technology integration of high school English teachers in Indonesia. Discov Educ (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-01413-0.
Hasibuan, H. Y., Santosa, C. A. H. F., & Syamsuri, S. (2022). Slow learners’ performance in solving mathematical problems in the inclusive classroom. Jurnal Elemen, 8(2), 449–465. https://doi.org/10.29408/jel.v8i2.5181
Jayani, A., Astuti, E. P., Purwaningsih, W. I., & Wibowo, B. (2020). Lembar kerja siswa matematika berbasis etnomatematika setting historical K.H Ahmad Dahlan di sekolah dasar (Student mathematics worksheet based on ethnomathematics historical setting of K.H Ahmad Dahlan in elementary school). Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika (JIPM), 2(2), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.37729/jipm.v2i2.1005
Khoirunnisa, S., Adirakasiwi, A. G., Karawang, U. S., & Ronggo Waluyo, J. H. S. (2023). Analisis kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa SMP pada era Merdeka Belajar (Analysis of junior high school students' numeracy literacy skills in the Merdeka Belajar era). JPMI (Jurnal Pembelajaran Matematika Inovatif), 6(3), 925–936. https://doi.org/10.22460/jpmi.v6i3.17393
Khotimah, S., Bambang, B., Purwati, A. S., & Aysi, S. A. H. (2024). Enhancing the 6Cs as 21st-century skills among higher education students through an entrepreneurial project learning. Jurnal Kependidikan, 10(4), 1528–1528. https://doi.org/10.33394/JK.V10I4.13117
Kurniasih, N., & Wanabuliandari, S. (2020). Design of mathematical e-module based polite language for slow learners in primary schools. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(2), 463–475. www.ijicc.net
Legi, H., Damanik, D., & Giban, Y. (2023). Transforming education through technological innovation in the face of the era of society 5.0. Educenter Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(2), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.55904/educenter.v2i2.822
Mahsup, Syaharudin, Nepomuceno, M. ., & Jali, H. bin. (2026). Effectiveness of guided inquiry learning and self-regulated learning on students’ numeracy skills. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED), 6(4), 1427–1440. https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v6i4.5756
Manggala, M. A., Nyanasuryanadi, P., & Suherman, H. (2024). Innovative learning using e-modules. JETISH: Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health, 3(1), 550–557. https://doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v3i1.1983
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook Edition. SAGE Publication, Inc.
OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 results (volume I): The state of learning and equity in education. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/53f23881-en
Oktaviani, T., Sholihah, D. A., & Wafa’, M. (2022). Eksplorasi etnomatematika pada budaya Banyumasan sebagai sumber belajar matematika (Exploration of ethnomathematics in Banyumasan culture as a source of learning mathematics). LITERASI (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan), 13(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.21927/literasi.2022.13(2).100-117
Payadnya, I. P. A. A., Atmaja, I. M. D., Noviyanti, P. L., Wibawa, K. A., & Jayantika, I. G. A. N. T. (2025). Exploring “Wa Pat Nem Tus Dasa”: The potential of a balinese traditional mod 2 counting system in culturally based mathematics learning. Journal for Multicultural Education, 19(4), 448–459. https://doi.org/10.1108/jme-02-2025-0050
Permana, N. (2023). Improving students mathematics learning outcomes through sundanese ethnomathematics: A systematic literature review. AB-JME: Al-Bahjah Journal of Mathematics Education, 1(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.61553/abjme.v1i1.12
Pradhan, J. B. (2024). Bridging cultures: Home and school mathematics. Pragyaratna, 6(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3126/pragyaratna.v6i2.70547
Prahmana, R. C. I., & D’Ambrosio, U. (2020). Learning geometry and values from patterns: Ethnomathematics on the batik patterns of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Journal on Mathematics Education, 11(3), 439–456. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.11.3.12949.439-456
Purnadewi, G. A. A., & Widana, I. W. (2023). Improving students' science numeration capability through the implementation of the PBL model based on local wisdom. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED), 4(3), 307-317. https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v4i3.3252
Purwoko, R. Y., Astuti, E. P., Arti, M. S., & Widiyono, Y. (2019). Batik nusantara pattern in design of mathematical learning model for elementary school. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1254(1), 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1254/1/012001
Purwoko, R. Y., Kusumaningrum, B., Laila, A. N., & Astuti, E. P. (2023). Development of open-ended mathematics e-modules to enhance students’ critical thinking ability. Mathline: Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 8(1), 194–206. https://doi.org/10.31943/mathline.v8i1.337
Puspitasari, S., Anwar, L., & Sa’dijah, C. (2024). Investigating numeracy skills: How students handle data representation challenges. Prisma, 13(2), 303–303. https://doi.org/10.35194/jp.v13i2.4161
Putri, A. Y., Mariana, N., & Muhimmah, H. A. (2024). Eksplorasi kemampuan numerasi pada anak lamban belajar di kelas awal: studi kasus di sekolah dasar (Exploration of numeracy skills in slow learners in early grades: case study in elementary school). Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Indonesia, 4(4), 1555–1563. https://doi.org/10.53299/jppi.v4i4.851
Rahayu, N. P., Prastiwi, L., & Setiawan, W. (2024). Improving the numeracy skills of slow learners with ice cream stick media: Single-subject research. EduMatSains: Jurnal Pendidikan, Matematika Dan Sains, 9(1), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.33541/edumatsains.v9i1.5977
Ramadhani, R., Prahmana, R. C. I., Soeharto, & Saleh, A. (2024). Integrating traditional food and technology in statistical learning: A learning trajectory. Journal on Mathematics Education, 15(4), 1277–1310. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v15i4.pp1277-1310
Ramdhani, S., Nurcahyono, N. A., & Nirmala, S. D. (2025). Designing interactive e-modules based on differentiated instruction and the theory of didactical situations for primary mathematics education. Educational Process: International Journal, 17, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2025.17.368
Risdiyanti, I., Charitas, R., & Prahmana, I. (2018). Etnomatematika: Eksplorasi dalam Permainan Tradisional Jawa (Ethnomathematics: Exploration in traditional Javanese games). Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang, 2(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31331/medives.v2i1.562
Rosa, M., & Clark Orey, D. (2012). Ethnomodeling: The pedagogical action of ethnomathematics as a program. Cuadernos de Investigación y Formación En Educación Matemática.
Safi’i, M., Lubis, M. J., & Hutagalung, S. M. (2024). Literature review: Use of technology in the learning process at high school level. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science, 3(01), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.59653/ijmars.v3i01.1181
Safitri, S. Y., Supriyono, & Astuti, E. P. (2023). E-modul matematika berbasis kontekstual untuk mengembangkan kemampuan numerasi siswa SMP (Contextual-based mathematics e-module to develop junior high school students' numeracy skills). Gammath : Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 8(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.32528/gammath.v8i1.275
Sari, N., Saragih, S., Napitupulu, E. E., Rakiyah, S., Sari, D. N., Sirait, S., & Anim, A. (2023). Applying ethnomathematics in learning mathematics for middle school students. Acta Scientiae, 25(5), 250–274. https://doi.org/10.17648/acta.scientiae.7690
Shemy, N. S. (2022). Digital infographics design (static vs dynamic): Its effects on developing thinking and cognitive load reduction. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 21(5), 104–125. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.5.6
Sintiya, M. W., Astuti, E. P., & Purwoko, R. Y. (2021). Pengembangan e-modul berbasis etnomatematika motif batik Adi Purwo untuk siswa SMP (Development of an ethnomathematics-based e-module for Adi Purwo batik motifs for junior high school students). Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Raflesia, 6(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.33449/jpmr.v6i1.12556
Sutarto, S., Hastuti, I. D., Maulachela, A. B., & Ardi, R. F. P. (2022). An assistive technology to enhance conjecturing abilities of slow learners: a mobile application design. Res Militaris, 12(3), 49–58.
Sumandya, I.W., Mukminin, A., Widana, I.W., Suryawan, I.P.P, Permana Dewi, N.W.D.P., Hendra, R., and Mohd Faiz Mohd Yaakob. (2025). Development of an instrument to measure students’ and teachers’ perceptions of understanding by design-based mathematics learning evaluation in inclusive schools. Discov Sustain 6, 797, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01514-0
Wafiqoh, R., Maulana, S. A., & Pramuditya, S. A. (2022). Mathematics learning difficulties of slow learner students in terms of reflective abstraction measurement. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 11(2), 1052–1062. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v11i2.4770
Wanabuliandari, S., Wardono, Susilo, B. E., Bintoro, H. S., & Mariani, S. (2025). A systematic literature review on slow learners’ problem-solving in mathematics education. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(3), 699–724. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.3.33
Widana, I. W., Sumandya, I. W., Citrawan, I. W. (2023a). The special education teachers’ ability to develop an integrated learning evaluation of Pancasila student profiles based on local wisdom for special needs students in Indonesia. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 44(2), 527–536. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2023.44.2.23
Widana, I. W., Sumandya, I. W., Citrawan, I. W., Widana, I. N. S., Ibarra, F. P., Quicho, R. F., Delos Santos, M. R. H. M., Velasquez-Fajanela, J. V., & Mukminin, A. (2023b). The effect of teachers’ responsibility and understanding of the local wisdom concept on teachers’ autonomy in developing evaluation of learning based on local wisdom in a special needs school. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(10), 152-167. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i10.6189
Wilson, N. (2017). Sociotechnical and pedagogical barriers to technology integration. Advancing Next-Generation Teacher Education through Digital Tools and Applications, 19–37. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0965-3.ch002
Yang, H., Ren, W., & Huang, T. (2017). Interactive learning resources based on cognitive load: Design and application. Proceedings - 2017 International Symposium on Educational Technology, ISET 2017, 208–211. https://doi.org/10.1109/iset.2017.55
Yulando, S., Sutopo, S., & Franklin Chi, T. (2019). Electronic Module Design and Development: An Interactive Learning. American Journal of Educational Research, 7(10), 694–698. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-7-10-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Erni Puji Astuti, Wahyu Widodo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.








