Suwardika, G. ., Sopandi, A. T. ., Indrawan, I. P. O., & Masakazu, K. . (2026). AI-enhanced flipped classroom design thinking to improve self-efficacy in open distance learning. Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED), 6(4), 1159–1172. https://doi.org/10.59672/ijed.v6i4.5702